The invention discloses a dust absorbing and shaking integrated device of a cleaning vehicle. The dust absorbing and shaking integrated device comprises a dust absorbing case, filters, a dust absorbing fan, a dust absorbing cover, a dust shaking motor and a dust collecting box. The device is divided into a dust absorbing portion and a dust shaking portion, and the dust absorbing fan works to generate negative pressures in a dust absorbing cavity, the filters and a dust absorbing channel, so that dust can be absorbed via an exposed end of the dust absorbing cover and is fed into the filters via the dust absorbing channel and dust inlets, the filters are of cavity structures encircled by filter media, and the dust is absorbed on the surfaces of the filter media in the filters under the effects of the negative pressures. The negative pressures are relieved after the dust absorbing fan stalls, most of the dust automatically falls off, the dust shaking motor works simultaneously, and the filters are driven to shake, so that the dust on the filter media of the filters can fall off and falls into the dust collecting box positioned below the dust inlets, and a dust shaking procedure is completed.