The invention discloses a cavitation and erosion experiment platform based on a water circulation system. The cavitation and erosion experiment platform based on the water circulation system comprises a pump station, a water tank and a test section which are connected with one another through water pipes, flanges and the like, wherein the water tank is internally provided with a baffle plate; the test section is a fluid channel which consists of an upper plate, a base plate, a rear plate and a front plate and has a square cross section, and is provided with three observation windows including a front observation window, a rear observation window and an upper observation window, and the base plate is provided with a turbulent flow object. The cavitation and erosion experiment platform provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, stable running, continuous adjustable cavitation intensity, adjustable shape of the turbulent flow object, adjustable distance between the turbulent flow object and a test element, simple experiment operation, favorable performance effect of induction and cavitation by the turbulent flow object, easiness in observation on generation areas and dynamic characteristics of a cavitation bubble group close to the turbulent flow object.