The invention discloses a device for realizing bipolar charging of particulates. A bipolar free ion region is generated by utilizing an alternating frequency high-voltage field ionizing mode, and particulates with the wide particle size range from nano scale to micron scale are charged efficiently. The device for realizing the bipolar charging of the particulates comprises a former particle cutter, a particulate charging cavity, a high-voltage ionization cavity and an alternating frequency high-voltage power supply. The device for realizing the bipolar charging of the particulates, which is disclosed by the invention, is compact in structure, is convenient to maintain, can charge the atmospheric particulates with the wide particle size range from nano scale to micron scale efficiently, can be used for early charging of the particulates based on an electromigration characteristic monitoring instrument, and enables the charged particulates to reach the balanced Boltzmann charge distribution.