The invention discloses an embedded gas discharge pumping rare earth particle-doped gain optical fiber which comprises working gas, a gas cavity, electrodes, sealing sleeves, a doped fiber core and an optical fiber cladding, wherein the gas cavity is embedded into the gain optical fiber, or the gain optical fiber is embedded into the gas cavity, the working gas is added in the gas cavity, two ends are sealed, the electrodes are added, and pumping is performed on the gain optical fiber by the discharging of the working gas. According to the gain optical fiber, gas pumping is combined, so the pumping can be directly performed on the gain optical fiber by the discharging of the gas, and experimental facilities are simplified; the absorbing of pump light can be increased by using a metal coating film or adding a Bragg reflector; by adopting the optical fiber structure, a laser is good in heat dispersion, gas pumping output energy is large, the peak power is high, the manufacturing cost is low, and the high power output of an optical fiber laser or an amplifier is facilitated.