The invention relates to a transformer station primary state monitoring system based on an IEC61850 protocol. The system comprises a capacitor type equipment monitoring device, a lightning arrester monitoring device, an oil chromatogram monitoring device, a partial discharge monitoring device, an iron core current and top oil temperature monitoring device, an SF6 density and micro water monitoring device, a capacitor type equipment integrated monitoring unit, a transformer integrated monitoring unit, a station end monitoring unit and a main station, wherein the capacitor type equipment monitoring device and the lightning arrester monitoring device are connected with the station end monitoring unit respectively through the capacitor type equipment integrated monitoring unit; the oil chromatogram monitoring device, the partial discharge monitoring device and the iron core current and top oil temperature monitoring device are connected with the station end monitoring unit respectively through the transformer integrated monitoring unit; the SF6 density and micro water monitoring device is connected with the station end monitoring unit; and the station end monitoring unit is connected with the main station. The transformer station primary state monitoring system based on the IEC61850 protocol can realize on-line monitoring of power transformation and power transmission equipment states and realize equipment intelligentization and informatizaiton.