The invention relates to the technical field of operation control systems for underground coal mine coal planers, and particularly relates to a coal planer operation control system. The coal planer operation control system mainly comprises a main controller, signal acquisition controllers, a planing length sensor, and three planing head operation position correction sensors; the main controller is mounted near a coal planer head transmission device; the signal acquisition controllers are respectively mounted near the coal planer head transmission device and a coal planer tail transmission device. The planing length sensor is mounted on a connecting rack of a reducer output shaft and a sprocket wheel; the three planing head operation position correction sensors are respectively mounted on a middle groove and a line-changing groove of a conveyer. The main controller controls the operation of a coal planer planing head driving motor, and controls the starting, stopping, acceleration, deceleration and direction changing of a variable frequency motor according to the planing head positions sent by the signal acquisition controllers. The coal planer operation control system of the invention is applicable to coal planers for underground coal mine fully-mechanized coal mining working surfaces, and realizes the operation control of coal planers.