The invention provides a system and a method for detecting an X-ray tube running state. The method comprises steps that: a control instruction is inputted in a control platform, and the control instruction is sent to a coordination daughter board; the control instruction is received by a data analyzing module of the coordination daughter board, and timing sending of the control instruction to an X-ray tube is carried out through the control instruction and a data coordination module; operation data of the X-ray tube is acquired by an acquisition module, is sent to the data analyzing module for analysis and is correspondingly sent to a state machine module and a data receiving module of the control platform according to the analyzing result, state correction on the coordination daughter board is carried out by the state machine module according to the received data, and data information transmitted by the coordination daughter board is received by the data receiving module and is transmitted to a data processing module for processing; the data information which is processed by the data processing module is recorded by a data recording module; and the data information recorded by the data recording module is displayed by an image display module. According to the system and the method, the coordination daughter board is employed to improve system compatibility, and the system has properties of simple structure and convenient use.