The invention discloses a secure file management system and method capable of achieving read/write splitting. The system and method are used for solving the problem of a traditional electronic file management system that the read privilege and write privilege of a file are not split. The system is composed of a credible authorized agency TA, a service provider, a file owner, a file approver and a file reader. The method comprises the steps of system initialization, identity registration, secret key distribution, encryption, service requesting, request response returning and file processing. According to the system and method, the file reading privilege of the file approver and the file reader is controlled by controlling the distribution of file reading secret keys, the file acquiring privilege of the file approver and the file reader is controlled by controlling the distribution of inquiring secret keys, the file writing privilege of the file approver is controlled by controlling the distribution of writing secret keys, and then file read/write privilege splitting is achieved.