The invention discloses a method for recovering ruthenium from a ruthenium electroplating main salt waste material. The invention relates to the technical fields of precious metal ruthenium recovery and precious metal chemical industry, aims to provide a method for recovering ruthenium from the ruthenium electroplating main salt waste material, and particularly relates to a method for recovering precious metal ruthenium from a ruthenium-containing waste material produced in the production process of ruthenium electroplating main salt potassium (mu-nitrido-bis[terachloroaquoruthenate (IV)]) through a fire-wet combined process and preparing high-purity ruthenium powder through purifying the precious metal ruthenium. Potassium ions in the organic ruthenium waste material are removed through an ion exchange column; then the organic ruthenium waste material is distilled and concentrated viscous paste in a beaker; then, the viscous paste is calcined in a porcelain bowl, and a calcined product is taken out and ground into powder, thus obtaining precious metal ruthenium concentrate; and hydrogen is introduced for reducing the precious metal ruthenium concentrate into high-purity ruthenium powder. The method disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of concise technological process, high recovery rate of precious metal and high product purity; the ruthenium recovery rate is above 99.1% and the ruthenium powder purity is above 99.99%.