The invention provides a plant breeding materials screening method and system. The plant breeding materials screening method comprises the following steps of S1, gathering a plurality of candidate characters of plant breeding materials; S2, choosing at least one characteristic parameter as an evaluation index of the plant breeding materials from each candidate character gathered from S1; S3, confirming a corresponding weighted value of each evaluation index being chosen in the S2; S4, according to the weighted value acquired form the S3, operating a corresponding index value of each plant breeding material, and acquiring a comprehensive score for every plant breeding material; S5, according to the comprehensive score acquired from the S4, selecting the plant breeding materials. The plant breeding materials screening method and the system can improve the efficiency and accuracy of the selection, and the plant characteristic index selected for systematical and comprehensive evaluation is more scientific and reasonable.