The invention relates to a travel time data fast collecting method for geological radar wave velocity chromatography prospecting and belongs to the technical field of geophysical prospecting. The method includes the following steps of arranging measuring lines and measuring points; measuring geological radar machine delay time and system errors; conducting wave velocity chromatography prospecting under a time triggering mode; processing radar wave signals; extracting travel time data according to inversion parameters. By means of the method, fast and continuous collection of travel time data of the geological radar wave velocity chromatography prospecting is achieved, prospecting time is greatly reduced, corresponding travel time data can be extracted according to different inversion parameters, once prospecting can meet a diversified inversion standard, prospecting efficiency of geological radar chromatography imaging is improved, and the method facilitates improving of the accuracy of an inversion result.