The invention relates to a plant layout structure and a plant layout method of multi-stage tables for sorting, concentrate filtering and conveying. The plant layout structure comprises an upper layer of a plant and a lower layer of the plant. A roughing table area and a concentrating table area are arranged in the upper layer of the plant; roughing tables are arranged in the roughing table area, and concentrating tables are arranged in the concentrating table area. A conveying pump and a before-roughing pulp distributor are arranged on the outer side of the lower layer of the plant. The quantity of the tables in the upper layer and the lower layer of the plant is set reasonably according to the total number of the roughing tables; the concentrating tables are arranged in the upper layer, and the tables for concentrate filtering and conveying are arranged along steps according to requirements for height difference. The tables are divided into multiple rows, running directions of electric hoists are consistent with those of product flow chutes of the tables, and thus maintenance is facilitated. Processes from the upper-stage to the lower-stage are completed in a flowing manner, so that processing is smooth and production cost can be reduced and plant height difference and floor area are reduced.