The invention discloses a temperature stress test-based same condition simulated maintenance test method which comprises the following steps: (1) setting a temperature stress testing machine and an environmental simulated maintenance test box; (2) manufacturing a test piece a for the temperature stress test according to a preset concrete formula, and putting the test piece a into the temperature stress testing machine; (3) manufacturing a concrete synchronization maintenance test piece according to a formula the same that in the step (2), and putting the concrete synchronization maintenance test piece into the environmental simulated maintenance test box; (4) arranging an external temperature sensor at an input end of the environmental simulated maintenance test box into a core part of the test piece for the temperature stress test, and starting a temperature stress test of the temperature stress testing machine; (5) introducing real-time temperature data acquired by an external temperature sensor into the environmental simulated maintenance test box for maintaining according to the environmental simulated maintenance test box; and (6) closing the environmental simulated maintenance test box after the temperature stress test is ended, and testing the performance data of various test pieces. The invention provides a specific method and thought for researching thermodynamic property of concrete.