The invention relates to the technical field of smelting, and particularly relates to a 590 Mpa-grade high-strength structural steel plate and a manufacturing method thereof. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: refining outside an LF (Ladle Furnace); carrying out RH (Ruhrstahl Hereaeus) secondary refining; adding alloy element protection; heating a plate blank; carrying out rough rolling; carrying out finish rolling; controlling the rolling and cooling, straightening, and controlling a plate shape. According to the steel plate produced by virtue of the manufacturing method, the yield strength of the steel plate is more than 450 MPa, the tensile strength is up to 590-670 MPa, the elongation percentage is more than 16%, and the minus 20 DEG C low-temperature flexibility is more than 34 joules. According to the high-strength steel, which is produced by adopting the manufacturing method, for a 12-200 ton excavator, a 200-350 horsepower bulldozer, a 50-300 ton hydraulic crane and a 4500-7200 KN high-resistance hydraulic support structure, excellent obdurability matching is achieved, the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature is below minus 30 DEG C, and the straightness is 1.7-3.5 mm/m. The yield strength range of the steel plate ranges from 480 MPa to 560 MPa, and the tensile strength of the steel plate ranges from 620 MPa to 760 MPa; the steel plate has high strength by being treated through a rolling and cooling control or quenching and tempering process, so that the structure internal stress is eliminated, the ductility and toughness indices are enhanced, and the elongation percentage can achieve 17%-25%.