A piston cylinder type compressed air energy storage device belongs to the field of compressed air energy storage devices. The piston cylinder type compressed air energy storage device is characterized in that a base is buried in a foundation, the lower portion of a piston barrel is perpendicularly arranged on the base in a sleeved mode, the bottom end of the piston barrel is buried in the foundation, the piston barrel and the base are connected in a sealed mode; n tracks are fixedly arranged on the circumference of the inner wall of the piston barrel in a perpendicular and even mode. A step-shaped and cylinder-shaped piston body is vertically arranged in the piston barrel, and a guide wheel which is matched with the tracks on the inner wall of the piston barrel is arranged on the outer circumference face of the piston body; the bottom end of the piston body is provided with a sealing ring, and an inspection well is formed below the piston barrel. An air inlet and an air outlet are formed in the lower portion of the piston barrel and in the lower portion of the base respectively, a reinforcing pulling rib is arranged in a barrel-shaped piston body cavity, the piston body cavity is loaded with sand and stones, and a top cover is arranged at the top of the piston barrel. The piston cylinder type compressed air energy storage device has the advantages that a piston cylinder type gas storage device is adopted, so that pressure in a gas storage chamber is kept constant and gas discharging pressure is kept constant. The piston cylinder type compressed air energy storage device is simple in structure, convenient to produce, and free of limitation of geological conditions, and can be built at any place.