The invention discloses an optical fiber probe with the polarization maintaining characteristic and a manufacturing method of the optical fiber probe. The optical fiber probe comprises a bare optical fiber probe body and metal film, wherein the bare optical fiber probe body is made of oval core polarization-maintaining optical fibers with a protective layer removed, one end of the bare optical fiber probe body is of a needle point structure, the lower end face of the needle point is oval, a groove is formed in the top of the needle point in the long axis direction of the lower end face of the needle point, the top of the needle point is divided into two symmetrical sections, the surface of the portion, except for the groove, of the bare optical fiber probe body is covered with the metal film, two-section metal film is formed on the top of the needle point, and a surface plasma reinforcing structure is formed by the two-section metal film and the groove. According to the optical fiber probe with the polarization maintaining characteristic and the manufacturing method of the optical fiber probe, the radiance of a dipole at the top end of the probe can be remarkably improved, the coherent signal to noise ratio is increased, the manufacturing process can be easily and accurately controlled, and repeatability is good; the optical fiber probe can be applied to a near-field optical microscope, and can also be applied to detection of a Raman spectrum, a white-light nanometer ellipsometer and an ultra-fast pump.