The invention provides a method for quickly tracking the maximum power point of a photovoltaic power generation system. The method particularly includes enabling a control system to analyze voltages and currents which are outputted by a photovoltaic cell array and are detected in real time; computing output quantities by the aid of a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm; controlling a duty cycle of an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) in a BOOST drive circuit; changing characteristics of a load; outputting the maximum power of the photovoltaic power generation system. The control system comprises a current divider (1), a current divider (2), a first direct-current voltage and current detecting module (3), a PWM (pulse width modulation) drive module (5), a touch screen (6), a second direct-current voltage and current detecting module (7) and a controller (4) which are connected with one another by electric signals. The method has the advantages that a new working point can be quickly found under the perturbation condition of system parameters such as sunlight intensity and environmental temperatures, input power and output power can be analyzed and extracted in real time, and accordingly the maximum power point of the photovoltaic power generation system can be tracked and monitored.