A norbornene functionalized polyoxometallate monomer and other norbornene derivatives are polymerized by innovatively adopting a ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) method in order to obtain novel polyoxometallate-based segmented copolymers and random copolymers, and the controllable molecular weight and the narrow molecular weight distribution of the copolymers are measured. The method has the advantages of simplicity, fastness, high efficiency, controllability, realization of high yield obtaining of the target polymers within several hours by carrying out a polymerization reaction in an open system, simple post-treatment, accurate control of the molecular weight, and easy industrialization. The polymers reserve the excellent performances of the inorganic substance polyoxometallate, and the defects of bad dissolvability and difficult processing of polyoxometallate are improved, so the polymers have potential application values in the catalysis field, the material field and the medicine field.