The invention provides a yellow tobacco straw harvester. The yellow tobacco straw harvester comprises a tractor, a clamping conveying mechanism, a digging shove, a reciprocating soil patting mechanism, a conveyer and a collection box. The clamping conveying mechanism, the digging shove and the reciprocating soil patting mechanism are arranged on a rack at one end of the tractor, the conveyor is arranged on a chassis of the tractor, and the other end of the tractor is connected with the collection box. The clamping conveying mechanism is composed of a belt, tensioning wheels and a belt supporting pressing device. When harvest operation is conducted in the field, the tractor pushes the rack to move forwards. While straw of yellow tobacco is clamped by the clamping conveying mechanism, roots of the yellow tobacco in the soil are shoveled out synchronously through the digging shovel and move on the clamping conveying mechanism. The reciprocating soil patting mechanism is composed of a crank and a slider, soil blocks adhering to the straw and the roots of the yellow tobacco are patted through reciprocating motion, the straw of the yellow tobacco moves to the falling end of the clamping conveying mechanism, a poking rod pokes the straw of the yellow tobacco so that the straw of the yellow tobacco can incline and fall onto the conveyer in order, cylindrical rollers on the conveyer rotate anticlockwise under the driving of power, and then the straw of the yellow tobacco is conveyed into the collection box.