The invention discloses a soil physical property classification recognition method based on geological radar. The method includes the data preprocessing step, the soil physical property information extraction step, the neural network training step and the soil physical property classification recognition step, wherein in the data preprocessing step, digital signals acquired by the geological radar are de-noised and filtered; in the soil physical property information extraction step, characteristic data for representing soil physical properties are extracted from data after the data preprocessing step; in the neural network training step, the characteristic data are used for training a neural network as a data set for training the neural network, and a mapping result corresponding to the characteristic data is obtained; in the soil physical property classification recognition step, the characteristic data to be recognized for representing the soil physical properties are input the trained neural network, and the classification of the soil physical properties is recognized according to the mapping result of the neural network. The invention further discloses a soil physical property classification recognition device based on the geological radar. Through the soil physical property classification recognition method based on the geological radar, the physical properties of soil of a region to be detected can be fast and accurately recognized based on radar detection data.