Provided is a wheelchair locking device which is capable of being securely fixed to a wheelchair without generating deflection, and ensuring durability of a motor. The wheelchair locking device of the present invention comprises: front side traction members (31 and 32) which are connected to a front side of a wheelchair (I) through hooks (21 and 22) disposed at one end; rear side traction members (33 and 34) which are connected to a rear side of the wheelchair (I) through hooks (23 and 24) disposed at the one end; a drive mechanism (DM) which pulls the front and rear side traction members (31, 32, 33, and 34) toward a floor; a detector (8) which detects movement of a portion of the drive mechanism (DM) up to a predetermined position; and a controller (C) which stops the operation of the drive mechanism (DM) using the detection performed by the detector (8). The drive mechanism (DM) pulls only the front side traction members (31 and 32) by a predetermined amount, and then pulls both of the front and rear side traction members (31, 32, 33, and 34).