The invention discloses a method for extracting targets through a remote sensing image. The method comprises the following steps that region segmentation is conducted on the remote sensing image to obtain local candidate images containing the targets; in the local candidate images, image regions corresponding to the targets are extracted, and local extraction results are obtained; according to position information of the local candidate images, the local extraction results of all the local candidate images are merged to generate a global extraction result. Meanwhile, the invention further discloses a device for extracting the targets through the remote sensing image. Through the method, the targets in the remote sensing image can be automatically identified and extracted, the calculation quantity is reduced, calculation accuracy is improved, and the calculation speed is increased.