The invention relates to a rat simulation weightless treadmill training method and a rat simulation weightless treadmill. The rat simulation weightless treadmill training method comprises steps of setting a rat treadmill and enabling an acute angle to be formed between the treadmill and the horizontal plane; arranging a baffle board at one turnup end of the treadmill and enabling the baffle board to extend out of a fixed pulley support; remaining a through hole in the baffle board; placing the rat on the treadmill with the tail orienting to one end of the baffle board, fixing one end of an insulated connection part to the tail of the rat and enabling a load bearing part to be fixed at the other end of the insulated connection part after the other end penetrating the through hole of the baffle board and straddling on a groove of a fixed pulley. The rat simulation weightless treadmill training method can satisfy manned space flight special scientific research requirements and enables the space zero gravity environment to be simulated in the ground.