The invention relates to a method for rapid preparation of graphitized fluorescent carbon dots. Aiming at the disadvantages of conventional preparation of fluorescent carbon dots, the method does not adopt catalysts or doping agents, adopts acetylene as a carbon source and argon as a carrier gas, and rapidly prepares the graphitized fluorescent carbon dots by a chemical vapor deposition method; the preparation method is advanced in technology, fast and speedy, and detailed and accurate in data; the product fluorescent carbon dots are brownish yellow powder particles, the particle diameter is less than or equal to 10 nm, the purity of the product is good and up to 99.1%, the product crystal lattice is clear, the crystal lattice spacing is 0.34 nm and corresponds to a 002 crystal surface of graphite, the graphitization degree is high, the electric conductive performance is excellent, and the preparation method is a quite ideal preparation method for the graphitized fluorescent carbon dots.