A circulating cooling water system in a freezing-thawing deformation centrifuge simulation system of a canal in a salty and cold region comprises a water tank, a high-pressure water pump, water supply pipelines and water return pipelines, wherein the water tank is arranged on a rotary arm of a centrifugal machine. A water outlet of the water tank, the high-pressure water pump, the water supply pipeline, a water inlet and a water outlet of a heat exchange system, the water return pipeline and a water inlet of the water tank are sequentially connected to form a water circulating loop. The water tank arranged on the rotary arm of the centrifugal machine is used as a water source of the circulating cooling water system, so that circulating water cooling of the heat exchange system of the freezing-thawing centrifuge simulation testing system is realized on the centrifugal machine without a rotary water joint, and required test conditions are guaranteed.