The invention provides a coordinate error compensation positioning system and method based on the RSSI. Through the method, a node to be positioned can be well positioned in a complex environment. First, the distance between nodes is figured out through a distance path loss model, next, the node to be positioned selects three reference nodes nearest to itself to be positioned, the preliminary estimated values of coordinates of the node to be positioned are figured out through a three-side positioning method, then, on the basis of the characteristic that the environment where the reference nodes are located when being positioned by one another is similar to the environment where the node to be positioned is located, the three reference nodes are positioned by one another, the coordinate positioning error of each reference node is obtained, finally, the set of error values are weighted to compensate for the preliminary estimated values of the coordinates of the node to be positioned with the reciprocal of the distance as the weight, and then the final estimated values of the coordinates of the node to be positioned are obtained. The method is easy to achieve, adaptive to the environment to a certain extent and capable of effectively improving positioning accuracy.