The invention discloses an aircraft parachute control system, which comprises an induction device, a first main control device, a second main control device and a driving device. The induction device is used for inducing the flight state of an aircraft, converting the flight state of the aircraft into an induction signal, and sending the induction signal to the first main control device. The first main control device is electrically connected to the induction device, and is used for receiving the induction signal, and judging whether the aircraft is in a normal flight state according to the induction signal. If the aircraft is not in a normal flight state, the first main control device controls a parachute to be opened and controls the aircraft body to stop working at the same time. The invention further discloses an aircraft parachute control method. According to the aircraft parachute control system and method, when the aircraft is not in a normal flight state, the parachute is automatically controlled to be opened and the aircraft is automatically controlled to stop working, thus, the aircraft can fall slowly when the aircraft has a fault, and the aircraft is prevented from being damaged.