The invention relates to a synchronous high-speed photography method and device for a particle rotation in a liquid swirling flow field, and provides a synchronous high-speed photography method for the particle rotation in the liquid swirling flow field. The method comprises the following steps that firstly, transparent or translucent particles of two central symmetry cores with the same diameter are selected as rotation test particles; secondly, two or more high-speed cameras are utilized for synchronously obtaining a two-dimensional image sequence of movement of the particles in the liquid swirling flow field; thirdly, a three-dimensional particle movement track is reestablished through the obtained two-dimensional image sequence, and meanwhile the rotation speed of the particles in the liquid swirling flow field is obtained. The invention further provides a synchronous high-speed photography device for the particle rotation in the liquid swirling flow field.