The invention discloses a cyclone burner with a primary air concentration separation function, and belongs to the technical field of pulverized coal burning equipment. The cyclone burner is mainly characterized in that an open U-shaped flow guide plate is additionally arranged at an outlet of an elbow of a primary air pipe, and a V-shaped core barrel, three groups of annular check blocks and a central partition barrel are sequentially arranged on a horizontal section of the primary air pipe. The front end of the V-shaped core barrel is connected with the U-shaped flow guide plate, and the three groups of annular check blocks and the central partition barrel are sequentially arranged at the tail end of the V-shaped core barrel along an airflow direction. The horizontal section of the primary air pipe is divided into an inner channel and an outer channel by the V-shaped core barrel. Airflow with thick pulverized coal and airflow with thin pulverized coal can be separated from each other by the central partition barrel and can be prevented from being mixed with each other again. Inner and outer secondary air cyclone blades are adjustable. The cyclone burner has the advantages that the cyclone burner is simple in structure, good concentration separation effects can be realized, the airflow with the thick pulverized coal can be uniformly distributed, stable burning and low NOx emission characteristics of the cyclone burner can be guaranteed, and the like.