The invention discloses a crop single yield prediction method based on knowledge and data common drive. The method includes the following steps that a crop single yield production potential submodel based on data drive is used, and single yield production potential E of crops is obtained according to input environment data; by means of a crop model based on a process, a crop single yield submodel based on knowledge drive is built, and then the single yield y of the crops is obtained according to the single yield production potential E of the crops and internal mechanism parameters of the crops; by means of area historical environment data and the single yield y of the crops, model parameters theta d and theta k are obtained through identification so that the single yield of the crops in a certain area is predicted according to meteorological data of the area in the future. By means of the method, historical environment data and a crop knowledge model can be used to the largest extent, the model parameters are estimated systematically, potential analysis is more accurate, and the method is easy to use and reliable and assists in greenhouse crop production, environment conditioning and cultivation management.