The invention discloses a cylindrical surface coordinate based camera calibration target of an automobile vision detection system, for the purpose of solving the problem that a conventional three-dimensional calibration object can only directly obtain three-dimensional data points under the condition of a Descartes three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system and cannot obtain data points decided by a cylindrical surface radius and an angle under the condition of a cylindrical surface coordinate system. The cylindrical surface coordinate based camera calibration target of the automobile vision detection system is mainly composed of a base (1) and a column coordinate surface (2). The cylindrical surface coordinate based camera calibration target of the automobile vision detection system has the advantages of simple structure, high detection precision, small accumulation errors, complete functions, simple operation, easy installation, high versatility, quite low cost and reliable performance, and can satisfy the requirement for visual sense detection of an automobile body in the automobile detection industry.