The invention discloses a nondestructive testing method based on a multiple signal processing technology. The nondestructive testing method is mainly used for performing nondestructive testing on concrete structures. The nondestructive testing method comprises the following steps: peeling off the interference of an original signal to an echo signal by use of an interference peeling-off technology and extracting signals of each point system; extracting an effective signal section by use of a truncation technology; and extracting a reference signal and analyzing a region to be tested based on a cross-correlation algorithm, and then making qualitative judgment on whether a defect is present or not and on the size of the defect. Defect characteristics can be discovered by virtue of layer-by-layer optimization processing, and then defect detection can be carried out. The nondestructive testing method has the advantages that the testing method is simple, the advantages of a plurality of processing algorithms are combined and utilized to improve the accuracy of testing, information about internal defects and the like of the concrete structures can be extracted in an everyday environment, quality monitoring and maintenance can be performed on the concrete structures such as bridges and buildings effectively, and the method is high in reliability and worthy of practical popularization and utilization.