The invention relates to a low-temperature inner pressure test checking method for a low-temperature storage box under a heat insulation structure-free state. The low-temperature inner pressure test checking method comprises the following steps of firstly constructing a test system, and performing low-temperature inner pressure test on the low-temperature storage box; and then quantitatively estimating a test result. According to the checking method, the limitation of a conventional method for performing test checking on the low-temperature storage box is broken through; an actual use working condition of the storage box can be covered in two aspects of an inner pressure load and environment temperature; compared with a normal-temperature hydraulic test, the low-temperature inner pressure test has the advantage that the environment coverage property is improved; furthermore, damage to a heat insulation structure in a test process can be avoided, and quantitative evaluation on the test result is realized.