The invention discloses a double-fed wind power generation system based on a vector power system stabilizer. The double-fed wind power generation system comprises a wind turbine, a gear case, a power generator, a rotor-side converter, a grid-side converter, a direct current capacitor, a filter, a rotor-side controller, a vector signal collecting device and the vector power system stabilizer. The input end of the vector signal collecting device is connected with a power grid; the input end of the vector power system stabilizer is connected with the output end of the vector signal collecting device; the first input end of the rotor-side controller is connected to the input end of the power generator, the second input end of the rotor-side controller is connected to the power grid, the third input end of the rotor-side controller is connected to the output end of the vector power system stabilizer, and the output end of the rotor-side controller is connected to the control end of the rotor-side converter. According to the double-fed wind power generation system, wind turbine terminal voltage vector signals are introduced to serve as input signals for obtaining electromagnetic torque control compensation signals and terminal voltage control compensation signals, the terminal voltage amplitude and the terminal voltage phase angle are completely considered, terminal voltage vectors serve as input signals of the vector power system stabilizer, and disturbance of the electromechanical time scale of the power grid is comprehensively reflected.