Disclosed are a smart camera autonomous coordinative tracking method and monitoring system based on road traffic monitoring. The system comprises a series of embedded type cameras, a set of data servers, a dedicated local area network and a client; all devices in the system are connected into the local area network; the cameras carry out coordinative tracking on an abnormal object through network communication, and after a tracking task is completed, target information is recorded in the data servers through the network; abnormal vehicles finding is abnormal object detection based on a series of image analysis algorithms; each embedded type camera on a road junction carries out real-time analysis on a specific abnormal event according to a real-time video; a self-organization tracking strategy based on a dynamic character is adopted in coordinative tracking, and three characters, that is, a main trailsman, an auxiliary trailsman and an idling waiter, are arranged for the tracking task. The front-end distributed camera autonomous control mode is adopted, working pressure of rear-end services of the monitoring system is relieved, the number of the cameras is flexibly increased and decreased, and the whole system does not need to be modified.