This medical wireless power supply system is provided with: a trocar; a coil for power transmission provided in a state in which at least one part is covered by a non-conducting member; a power transmission coil unit equipped with the coil for power transmission and configured to be able to resonate at a prescribed resonant frequency; a medical device equipped with a cylindrical insertion unit which can be inserted into an insertion hole of the trocar; a coil for power receiving which, inside of the insertion unit, is disposed in a state in which at least a part is covered by a non-conducting member; and a power receiving coil unit which is equipped with the coil for power receiving and which is configured to be able to resonate at a resonant frequency matching the prescribed resonance frequency.