The invention discloses a full-hydraulic adaptive coupling control loop for the rotation and propelling of a rock drilling machine and a control method. A first load-sensitive variable pump, a first load-sensitive proportional multi-way valve, a propelling execution mechanism and the like form a main propelling control oil way, and a propelling unit and a load-sensitive external control port of the propelling unit of the first load-sensitive proportional multi-way valve, a coupling control valve block, a rotation pressure feedback pipeline and the like form a propelling pressure independent hydraulic remote control and rotation hydraulic stepless control propelling loop. According to the control loop and the control method, technical measures of hydraulically and remotely controlling propelling pressure, coupling set values of two overflow valves through a balance valve, steplessly controlling the opening of the balance value by virtue of rotation pressure and the like are adopted for realizing steplessly coupling control over the rotation and propelling of the rock drilling machine, the control loop and the control method are full-hydraulic, adaptive and high in reliability, and the functional loops are clear and simple; the propelling pressure is independently, hydraulically and remotely controlled without influence with other working units by virtue of the special matched design of the propelling unit, the overflow valves, the load-sensitive variable pump and the like, and the reliability of the hydraulic functional loops is improved.