The invention discloses a high-voltage common rail system piezoelectric actuator charging and discharging drive current control circuit. The circuit comprises a charging current modulation circuit, a discharging current reversal processing circuit and a discharging current modulation circuit. In the charging current modulation circuit and the discharging current modulation circuit, along with the change of charging currents and discharging currents, the connection relation of resistors in a current threshold value voltage division circuit is directly affected through switching device transistors, the change of current threshold values is controlled, the two threshold values are converted with each other, and PWM signals determined by the two current threshold values are output through the charging current modulation circuit and the discharging current modulation circuit. The circuit has the advantages that the magnitude of the charging and discharging drive currents of a piezoelectric actuator is controlled, the drive circuit is simple and feasible, the modulation process of the drive currents is completely achieved by hardware, consistency of the currents is basically guaranteed, and meanwhile occupied MCU resources are fewer.