The invention discloses a circumferential intelligentized reinforcement structure and method of a shield tunnel. A reinforcing and monitoring integrated structure is formed through intelligent fiber composite ribs with built-in distributed optical fiber sensors, circumferentially arranged along the inner side surface of the tunnel. The method comprises the following steps: bonding intelligent FRP (fiber reinforced plastic) ribs with the inner side of the tunnel through bonding materials to form a structure layer with good mechanical property; calculating the circumferential convergence of the structure by monitored circumferential strain, and judging the performance change of the reinforced structure. According to the circumferential intelligentized reinforcement structure and method, facilities are simple, the engineering construction is convenient, the difficult problem of reinforcing and monitoring integration of the conventional shield tunnel can be solved, the market competitiveness is high, and large-scale popularization is facilitated.