The invention discloses a method for removing impurity and separating and extracting nickel and cobalt in nickel-cobalt ore bioleaching solution, and belongs to the technical field of wet-process metallurgy. The method employs a goethite process for removing iron in the nickel-cobalt ore bioleaching solution, and the iron removal rate is 99.9% or more. Aiming at high-concentration magnesium ion in the solution subjected to iron removal, a sodium fluoride precipitation process is employed for removing magnesium, and the magnesium removal rate is 99.9% or more. After the nickel-cobalt ore bioleaching solution is processed through a goethite process for removing iron and a NaF precipitation process for removing magnesium the iron ion content in the leaching solution is lower than 0.01 g/L, and the magnesium content is less than 0.07 g/L. Nickel and cobalt ions in the solution subjected to magnesium removal are separated by employing a P507 extraction process, and then the P507 loaded organic phase is subjected to back-extraction separation by employing a sulfuric acid aqueous solution with the concentration of 6 g/L. The method successfully realizes impurity removal and separation extraction of nickel and cobalt in the nickel-cobalt ore bioleaching solution. The method is simple in technological flow, simple in equipment, relatively low in cost and high in impurity removal rate, enables nickel-cobalt separation to be relatively completely, and enables the loss of nickel and cobalt in the whole technological process to be extremely small.