The invention discloses a method for extracting vibration acceleration signal characteristics of measurement points on the surfaces of power transformers. The method includes acquiring vibration signals of the measurement points on the surfaces of the power transformers by the aid of vibration acceleration sensors; analyzing frequency spectra to obtain vibration acceleration frequency spectra of the measurement points on the surfaces of the transformers; computing and solving frequency-pass vibration values of adjacent frequency bands of characteristic frequency points; computing characteristic vectors of the vibration signals of the surfaces of the power transformers by the aid of the solved frequency-pass vibration values. The method has the advantages that the characteristic vectors of the vibration signals of the measurement points on the surfaces of the power transformers are solved by the aid of the frequency-pass vibration values of the adjacent frequency bands of the various characteristic frequency points according to the vibration acceleration frequency spectra and are used as bases for analyzing and judging running states of the power transformers by the aid of a vibration process, and accordingly technical support can be provided for monitoring the states of the power transformers.