The invention provides a production method of high-purity active copper oxide powder. The production method comprises the following steps: respectively weighing a copper material, ammonium salt and ammonia water according to a molar ratio of 1:(1-2.0):(1-2.5), uniformly mixing the ammonium salt with the ammonia water to form a dissolved solution, putting the copper material into the dissolved solution, blowing compressed air, stirring for dissolution, stopping reaction when the concentration of copper ions in the solution is 50-200g/L, and filtering to obtain a copper ammonia solution; and performing spray pyrolysis on the copper ammonia solution to obtain the high-purity active copper oxide powder. The production method provided by the invention is short in technological process, adopts waste materials as raw materials, is relatively low in cost and high in direct recovery rate of copper; the prepared copper oxide powder has the copper content of 79.5-79.8%, is good in dispersibility and consistent in color, has the particle size of 1-10 microns, and can be completely dissolved in dilute sulfuric acid specified by electroplating industries within 25-30 seconds; and an absorption liquid produced by virtue of spray pyrolysis can be recycled by replenishing small amounts of liquid ammonia and ammonium hydrogen carbonate, no waste liquid can be discharged, and the production method is suitable for industries such as electroplating, electronics and catalysts.