The invention relates to an electric beam melting and directional solidification combined device for polycrystalline silicon powder and a method for melting polycrystalline silicon by using the device, belongs to the field of electric beam melting. The invention provides the electric beam melting polycrystalline silicon powder device capable of supplementing materials in the melting process and mainly provides a charging device; the charging device is compact in structure, does not affect the integral size of smelting equipment and the whole melting process is sustainable. The device is provided with an ingot pulling system simultaneously for achieving the directional solidification purification technique while the impurity phosphorus element is removed from polycrystalline silicon by electric beam melting; phosphorus impurity and metal impurities can be removed simultaneously by using one piece of equipment, so that the quantity of used equipment is reduced, unnecessary waste on vacuumizing time when the equipment is used is reduced, and the loss and secondary pollution of a silicon material in an intermediate link when the equipment is used are reduced.