The invention discloses a simulation test device and a simulation test method for coal measure strata fracture seepage under loading and unloading conditions. The device comprises an experimental tank, a hydraulic pressure control loading system, a confining pressure loading system, a fracture structure, a deformation test system and a seepage characteristic parameter test system. According to the method, a way of filling the experimental tank with a coal measure strata physical similar simulation material and large-scale concrete block structure fracture is adopted, physical simulation tests of coal measure strata large-scale structure fracture deformation and seepage coupling effect processes due to the loading and unloading action under the conditions of top plate load, top plate hydraulic pressure, and adjustable confining pressure can be implemented, so that various mechanisms and key parameters such as different coarse structure fracture macroscopic deformation, saturated seepage and mutual coupling effect thereof, fracture seepage characteristic mutation under the loading and unloading conditions can be obtained or quantitatively described, further, mining-induced fracture structure evolution and seepage dynamic characteristic under the mining disturbance action can be effectively understood and revealed, and a theoretical basis is provided for further deepened research on mine water disaster mechanisms as well as prevention and control technologies.