The invention discloses a reactive distillation column for reactive distillation and pyrolysis of alkylphenol. The interior of the drum of a same distillation column is isolated by virtue of a perforated plate, a distillation section is formed on the upper part of the distillation column and a reaction section is formed on the lower part; above the perforated plate, the interior of the column drum is filled with filler and is mounted with a column plate, so that the distillation section functioning as distillation and separation is formed; below the perforated plate, the interior of the column drum is filled with a pyrolysis catalyst, so that the reaction section for the pyrolysis of alkylphenol is formed; a material outlet is formed in the distillation section, and a material inlet is formed in the reaction section. By virtue of the reactive distillation column, the alkylphenol which is heated and gasified in a gasifier enters into the reaction section in the column by virtue of the material inlet, partial alkylphenol participates in pyrolysis in the reaction section under the effect of the pyrolysis catalyst so as to generate isobutylene and cresol, and the generated isobutylene and cresol, together with rest unreacted alkylphenol, move upwards, enter into the distillation section by virtue of the perforated plate and are separated from the alkylphenol in the distillation section; the isobutylene and cresol separated from the alkylphenol continue to move upwards and participate in gas-liquid separation in a gas-liquid separator, so that isobutylene and cresol are obtained.