The invention provides a portable communication device for detecting electric transmission and transformation equipment and a data transmission method of the portable communication device. The communication device comprises a detection data collection unit, a voice interaction unit, different types of network signal transmission units, a detection date collection unit, a multi-network intelligent matching communication unit and a data processing unit. According to the portable communication device, images, operation states, fault parts and detection data of equipment dispersed on various inspection sites can be dynamically transmitted to a remote operation and maintenance monitoring and repairing center in a wireless communication manner in real time; various information on the scene is provided for technical experts and fault diagnosis experts dispersed in different places; the audio and video consultation decision is carried out by remote experts and site operation personnel; the fault part and the fault reason can be visually, rapidly, accurately and efficiently analyzed and judged; the diagnosis accuracy and the repairing efficiency are improved; various potential losses which can be caused by the fault of the electric transmission and transformation equipment are reduced to the maximal extent.