The invention discloses a microfluidic detection chip based on droplet experiments, which comprises a droplet channel network. The microfluidic detection chip is characterized in that the droplet channel network comprises an outlet channel, a carrier liquid channel arranged on the outlet channel, an inlet channel arranged at the end of the outlet channel, and a detection channel arranged on the other end of the outlet channel, wherein the diameter of the inlet channel is greater than that of the droplet; the inlet channel is a conical and tapers towards the outlet channel end; the diameter of the smallest end of the inlet channel is 0.9-1 time of that of the droplet; the diameter of the outlet channel is less than or equal to that of the droplet; and the diameter of the smallest end of the inlet channel is the minimum diameter among the inlet channel, outlet channel and detection channel.