The invention relates to a dual-system two-hardness short-wall coal seam mining method. A coal miner suitable for hard coal seam small working face (short wall) is combined for solving the cutting problem of hard coal seams; then by researching a short-wall matching technology, a mining technology of short-wall fully-mechanized coal mining and direct cut feeding is formed; a hard ejection plate control method is matched, so that the short-wall efficient mining is realized; the mining speed of the short-wall working face is accelerated; the coal recovery ratio is improved, and the dual-system two-hardness short-wall coal mining method has important significance to the normal sustainable development of mine.