The invention discloses a deck structure wheel rolling fatigue loading test platform. The deck structure wheel rolling fatigue loading test platform comprises a loading unit for reciprocating in the horizontal direction on a deck structure test piece under the control of a traveling guide system and a vertical loading system to realize the fatigue loading test on the test piece, a counter-force rack for bearing the counter acting force generated by the loading unit in the reciprocating motion on the test piece, the traveling guide system for driving the loading unit to reciprocate in the horizontal direction on the test piece, the vertical loading system for driving the loading unit to perform vertical loading on the test piece, a temperature control system for controlling the working temperature of the deck structure test piece, and a central control system for controlling the traveling guide system, the vertical loading system and the temperature control system. The deck structure wheel rolling fatigue loading test platform has the advantages that one-way and two-way wheel rolling loading is realized, wheel simulation patterns and wheel load application patterns are increased, the working environment of the deck structure can be simulated reasonably, and therefore, the actual wheel simulation level is increased, and the wheel loading efficiency and accuracy are improved; the platform is wide in application range.