The invention discloses a trait characteristic selection method for crop breeding evaluation. The method comprises the following steps of 1, constructing a crop breeding evaluation dataset, wherein each piece of data in the dataset comprises an experimental material number, a breeding target set G, a trait characteristic set T, a corresponding experiment e and an experimental result r; 2, preprocessing the trait characteristic sets T in the dataset; 3, screening a training sample set and a candidate trait characteristic set from the preprocessed dataset according to the breeding target set G of each piece of data in the preprocessed dataset; 4, calculating relevance between each trait characteristic and the corresponding experimental result r in the candidate trait characteristic set by utilizing the data in the training sample set; 5, calculating ranking similarities among the trait characteristics in the candidate trait characteristic set by utilizing the data in the training sample set; 6, selecting the trait characteristics according to calculation results of the relevance and the ranking similarities.